Курсовая работа на тему культурных ценностей и контроля в социальных медиа

ТЕМА: The role of cultural values and state in exercising control over digital social media ecosystems (comparative research of peculiarities in perception of mental health hygiene in Western and Russian cultures)

In the period of 2025-2026 Russia and France began to actively set up measures to create state-run digital watchdogs, aimed at exercising control over social media. Foreign social media, operating in Russian digital ecosystem, are supposed to be forced to comply with Russian legislation. Our research deals with analysing the role of state in shaping social media landscape to prevent negative impact of some foreign social media on mental health of children and young adults in Russia In our research we specifically paid close attention to how states in France and Russia are setting up measures aimed at preventing children and young adults from getting access to harmful Internet content , which might affect their mental health development and mental health hygiene.

It is worth noting separately that there are deep cultural differences behind political decisions. These include fundamentally diverse understanding of individual responsibility, the role of the state and the concept of “purity” (including mental), which remain insufficiently studied. In France, these concepts tend to be framed within a rationalist tradition, emphasizing individual rights and scientific evidence. In Russia, they are more often articulated through a moral lens, invoking collective well-being, traditional values, and the protective function of the state.

Both Russian and Western cultures are each unique in their historical development and philosophical underpinnings, which is why they should be considered together in order to identify similarities and variations of the same phenomena. This, in turn, can foster mutual understanding and pave the way for developing balanced solutions to address severe societal problems.

Abstracts……………………………………………………………………………3

Introduction………………………………………………………………………...4

Chapter 1. Theoretical Foundations of State Control of Social Media…………….8

1.1. Social media ecosystems and state control: key concepts and instruments…...8

1.2. Mental health hygiene and harmful content: a conceptualization for policy analysis……………………………………………………………………………11

1.3. Cultural values as a framework for comparing France and Russia…………..14

Chapter 2. Practical Analysis: France and Russia (2025–2026)………………….17

2.1. Materials and methodology of comparative discourse analysis……………...17

2.2. Comparative analysis of political discourse on minors’ access, harmful content, and mental health hygiene……………………………………………….18

2.3. Government messengers as infrastructural control: comparative analysis of Tchap and MAX…………………………………………………………………..25

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...31

References………………………………………………………………………...33

1. American Psychological Association (APA). Health advisory on adolescent social media use. URL: https://www.apa.org/topics/social-media-internet/health-advisory-adolescent-social-media-use

2. Council of Europe (2019). Content moderation: Best practices towards effective legal and procedural frameworks for self-regulatory and co-regulatory mechanisms of content moderation (Guidance Note, CDMSI; adopted 4 Nov 2019). URL: https://rm.coe.int/content-moderation-en/1680a2cc18

3. Douglas, M. (1966; later editions). Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. https://www.routledge.com/Purity-and-Danger-An-Analysis-of-Concepts-of-Pollution-and-Taboo/Douglas/p/book/9780415289955

4. Element. France embraces Matrix to build Tchap. URL: https://element.io/en/case-studies/tchap

5. European Commission. Digital Services Act policy page. URL: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-services-act

6. Gelfand M. et al. ,Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-NationStudy.Science332,1100-1104(2011). DOI:10.1126/science.1197754

7. Gorwa, R. (2019). The platform governance triangle: conceptualising the informal regulation of online content. Internet Policy Review, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.2.1407

8. Hofstede Insights / Geert Hofstede. The 6-D Model of National Culture. URL: https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/

9. Kuczerawy, A. (2017). The Power of Positive Thinking: Intermediary Liability and the Effective Enjoyment of the Right to Freedom of Expression. JIPITEC, 8(3). URL: https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/article/view/206?utm

10. life.ru. (2025). «Deti uchilis’, a ne prosto igrali»: V GD osudili massovuyu blokirovku Roblox. URL: https://life.ru/p/1817327 (In Russian)

11. Mueller M., Will the Internet Fragment? Sovereignty, Globalization, and Cyberspace, Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2017, 140 pp

12. Nocetti, J. (2015). Contest and conquest: Russia and global internet governance. International Affairs, 91(1), 111–130. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12189

13. OSOR: Open Source Observatory (2021). French government launches in-house developed messaging service, Tchap. URL: https://interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu/collection/open-source-observatory-osor/document/french-government-launches-house-developed-messaging-service-tchap

14. Pohle, J. & Thiel, T. (2020). Digital sovereignty. Internet Policy Review, 9(4). URL: https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1532

15. Pohle, J., Nanni, R. and Santaniello, M. (2024), Unthinking Digital Sovereignty: A Critical Reflection on Origins, Objectives, and Practices. Policy & Internet, 16: 666-671. URL https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.437

16. Reuters (2026). France's National Assembly approves banning under-15s from social media URL: https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/frances-national-assembly-debates-banning-under-15s-social-media-2026-01-26/

17. Reuters (2025). French court probes TikTok on algorithms' risks regarding suicide https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/french-court-probes-tiktok-algorithms-pushing-suicide-2025-11-04/

18. Reuters (2025). French lawmaker asks prosecutor to probe TikTok for 'endangering the lives' of users URL: https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/french-lawmaker-asks-prosecutor-probe-tiktok-endangering-lives-users-2025-09-11/

19. Reuters (2025). Russia lists local apps that will survive its internet blackouts. URL: https://www.reuters.com/technology/russia-lists-local-apps-that-will-survive-its-internet-blackouts-2025-09-05/

20. Reuters (2025). Russia orders state-backed MAX messenger app, a WhatsApp rival, pre-installed on phones and tablets. URL: https://www.reuters.com/technology/russia-orders-state-backed-max-messenger-app-whatsapp-rival-pre-installed-phones-2025-08-21/

21. Spravedlivo.ru. (2025). Sergei Mironov: v usloviyakh gibridnoi voiny problema zashchity detei ot destruktivnykh vozdeistvii stanovitsya vse ostree. URL: https://spravedlivo.ru/15721510 (In Russian)

22. TASS. (2026). Deputat Svintsov predlozhil zapretit’ sotsseti detyam do 14 let. URL: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/26210177

(In Russian)

23. TASS. (2025). GD ne planiruet vvodit’ zapret na sotsseti dlya detei i podrostkov. URL: https://tass.ru/politika/25990565 (In Russian)

24. TASS. (2024). V Max protestirovali oborudovanie dlya podklyucheniya k «Gosuslugam». URL: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/24719051

(In Russian)

25. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30406005/

26. UNICEF. Children’s exposure to hate messages and violent images online. URL: https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/documents/childrens-exposure-hate-messages-and-violent-images-online

27. UNICEF. Harmful Content. URL: https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/harmful-content

28. UNICEF. Industry Guidelines for Child Online Protection. URL: https://www.unicef.org/documents/guidelines-industry-online-child-protection

29. URA.ru. (2025). V Gosdume vystupili protiv total’noi blokirovki Roblox i drugikh servisov. URL: https://ura.news/news/1053044906 (In Russian)

30. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (WHO/Europe). Report/news item on problematic social media use among adolescents. URL: https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/25-09-2024-teens--screens-and-mental-health?

31. World Values Survey (WVS). URL: https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp?CMSID=Findings

32. Vendil Pallin, C., & Hjelm, M. (2021). Moscow’s Digital Offensive – Building Sovereignty in Cyberspace. FOI Memo 7521. URL: https://www.foi.se/rest-api/report/FOI%20Memo%207521